CMP:
Rs. 311.00; Market Cap: Rs. 1,99,660.27 Cr; 52 Week High/Low: Rs. 447.10 /
Rs. 286.50
Total
Shares: 631,63,64,400 shares; Promoters : 503,09,70,582 shares – 79.65 %; Total
Public holding : 128,53,93,818 shares – 20.35 %; Book Value: Rs. 26.49; Face Value: Rs. 10.00; EPS: Rs.
19.03; Dividend: 207.00 % ; P/E: 16.37 times; Ind P/E: 11.54; EV/EBITDA: 7.56 times.
Total
Debt: Rs. 408.32 Cr; Enterprise Value: Rs. 1,87,157.86 Cr.
COAL INDIA
LIMITED: Coal India Ltd was incorporated in 1973 in Kolkata, India. It was formerly known as Coal Mines
Authority Limited. Coal India Ltd is a leading public sector undertaking engaged in coal
mining & selling coal fines in India and is working on establishing its
footprint globally through acquisitions. The company provides Washed and
Beneficiated coal for use in manufacturing of hard coke for steel making and
power generation. Company operates 471 mines in 21 coalfields across 8 states
in India, which includes 163 open cast mines, 273 underground mines & 35
mixed mines – open & underground mines. Coal India Ltd operates through its 9 wholly
owned subsidiaries, of which 1 subsidiary is engaged in exploration and
feasibility study analysis. The company came with an IPO of 63,16,36,440 equity shares of Rs. 10 each at Rs. 245.00 per share to the general public in October, 2010. The purpose of the issue was to achieve the governments disinvestment target & to achieve benefits of listing on the exchanges. It got listed on November 04, 2010 at Rs. 291.00 per share making a high of Rs. 344.90 on listing day. Its subsidiaries include Eastern Coalfields Ltd,
Bharat Coking Coal India Ltd, Central Coalfields Ltd, Northern Coalfields Ltd,
Western Coalfields Ltd and South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. Coal India Ltd has total reserves
of 64.3 billion tons and proved reserves of 52.4 billion tons, of which
extractable reserves stands at 21.7 billion tons. The company offers coking
coal primarily for use in steel making & metallurgical industries, and for
hard coke manufacturing, semi coking coal for use as blend able coal steel
making, merchant coke manufacturing, it also provides middlings used by fuel
plants, brick manufacturing units, cement plants, industrial plants, as well as
for power generation. Coal India Ltd coal fines/coke fines are used in industrial
furnaces, as well as for domestic purposes. It serves primarily power, steel,
cement, and fertilizer industries. Coal India is compared with Banpu Public
Company Ltd of Thailand; Blackgold International Holdings Ltd of China;
Agritrade Resources Ltd of Hongkong; PT
Sumber Energi Andalan Tbk of Indonesia, Siberian Mining Group Company Ltd &
Mongolia Energy Corporation Ltd of Hong Kong.
Investment
Rationale:
Coal India, a ‘Navratna’ company, is
the largest coal producing company in the world, based on its raw coal
production. The company is also the largest coal reserve holder in the world,
based on its reserve base. Coal India Ltd is well positioned to capitalize the widening gap of demand
& supply as it controls 80 % of the coal supply in India and around 66% of
India’s power generation is coal based. More than 90 % of Coal India's
extractable reserves are easy-to-mine, low-cost, opencast mines that produce mainly
Low-quality thermal coal, primarily consumed by power utilities. Coal India has
also set up high-margin coal beneficiation plants; the increased use of the
high-priced e-auction platform sales, and gradually bringing its prices in line
with global market prices should boost the company's margins and generate high
returns. The underlying mines in India are of high quality and are of high-margin,
as reflected in high double-digit returns on invested capital. Coal India is
heavily regulated and the government compels Coal India to supply utilities contracted
coal at below global market rates. This dynamic carries the potential to
squeeze margins and returns. Recent union budget has increased clean cess from
Rs. 200 per tonne on Coal to Rs. 400 per tonne and Coal India would be able to
offset any increase in mining costs with commensurate price increases, and it
has proved this with its track record of doing so. While transportation costs,
primarily from railways, account for about 40 % of total mining costs, the
majority of the Indian coal power plants still find it more economical to burn
domestic coal relative to other types of energy, given its abundance and low
production costs. The Indian Electricity production is expected to grow at a 6 %
average annually and in tandem with gross domestic product growth. The Coal
demand is expected to remain strong, as it is expected that coal to still
constitute about 58 % of the power generation over next few years. This should
benefit Coal India, as it holds about 80 % market share in Indian coal production.
Coal India should continue to reward shareholders with increased dividends or
share repurchases, as it continues to generate strong free cash flow that
exceeds capital expenditure requirements. Overall, Coal India offers investors
high-quality exposure to a low-cost miner with a dominant share of coal supply
in the Indian market and this is where Coal India enjoys a narrow economic
moat. Extensive coal reserves, long mine life, legal barriers to entry for
private domestic coal producers, and low production costs coupled with low mine
acquisition costs makes a relatively strong case of competitive advantage. Coal
India’s strategic value lies in the fact that it cheaply meets more than half
of India's energy demands, primarily the demands of power utilities. For this
reason, the Indian government has ensured that Coal India holds a significant portion
of the nation’s total coal reserves. Also coal India’s 18 billion tons of
extractable reserves represent about 33 % of India’s total. Based on the 2015 production
rate, the estimated reserve life for coal India is about 40 years. During the
five-year period leading up to 2015, return on invested Capital, or ROIC, was
on an average of 41 % annually. The attractive returns reflect the low-cost
nature of Coal India's mines, and the low historical acquisition costs for
mines and reserves. Mines and reserves are allocated by the government and current
assets benefits from low-cost acquisitions from the government. The company
derives about 10 % of its revenue by selling some of its coal through e-auction
at higher prices, which more closely reflect underlying Supply and demand.
However, about 85 % of the revenue is derived from contracted domestic coal
supply, which is under the yoke of price controls. Coal India has considerable
advantages over other domestic coal producers and has about 70 % market share
of India’s total coal demand, and accounts for 80 % of domestic production.
While private companies are allowed to mine for coal, eligibility is restricted
to only iron and steel, cement, and power generation companies for their own
captive use, and is prohibited under Indian national law from selling coal in
the open market. This creates a significant entry barrier for private coal producers.
Coal India Currently holds at least 15 years’ worth of low-cost coal reserves,
even if one assumes 10 % average annual production growth. This assumption
appears aggressive against the comparable trailing 10-year figure of 4.5 %, and
low cost reserve depletion will likely to take much longer than 15 years once
slower production growth and probable reserve replacement are taken into
account. The government’s stance encouraging competition is unlikely to dilute
Coal India’s returns below its cost of capital in the medium-term, since
competitors will need to bid for generally inferior quality coal blocks at a higher
price than Coal India has acquired its reserves. This will dictate poorer
margins and returns for competitors. In the past, initiatives such as this allocating
coal blocks to private players for captive consumption have failed to deliver the
intended results, especially given land acquisition, forest and environment clearances,
lack of business expertise, and various other issues. Coal India's primary
focus is the domestic Indian market, especially power utilities, which account
for more than 70 % of its sales volume. Sales to power utilities are around 50 %
below international prices, yet Coal India still earns attractive returns, a
testament to its cost advantage. During the next five years, it is projected
that Coal India’s ROIC to average 31 % annually, consistent with its trailing
four-year average of 41 %. Additional
high-margin avenues such as e-auctioning of coal, and selling washed and
beneficiated coal, to continue to help Coal India sustain its profitability. Coal power plants continue to be the cheapest and Coal amongst
the dominant source of power to meet the rising demand for electricity; low-cost, opencast
mines should help to weather any downturn in coal prices and help in sustaining
ROICs of COAL INDIA above the cost of capital. COAL INDIA’s rich cash pile,
coupled with lower Capital expenditure, could result in higher Shareholder
returns in the form buybacks or bonus Issue in coming few years.
Outlook and
Valuation:
Coal India (CIL) is largest coal producing
company. CIL is well positioned to capitalize the widening gap of demand
& supply as it controls 80 % of the coal supply in India and around 66 % of
India’s power generation is coal based. More than 90 % of Coal India's
extractable reserves are easy-to-mine, low-cost, opencast mines that produce
mainly Low-quality thermal coal, primarily consumed by power utilities. The
recent union budget 2016 proposed a Clean Environment cess of Rs. 400 per ton
on coal instead of Rs. 200 per ton. This could increase the coal prices from
COAL INDIA by 20 %. The average notified coal price from Coal India is Rs. 1000
to Rs. 1100 per ton and increase of Rs. 200 per ton translates into almost 20 %
increase in prices. COAL India sells almost one third of its coal output in grades
10 to 13 and the same is priced at about Rs. 700 and Rs. 800 per ton respectively.
The higher grade coal prices goes up to Rs. 3500 a ton from Coal India in which
impact would be less, but would have negative impact in terms of power tariff
as this additional levy will jack up the coal prices by as high as 25 % and
power tariff will be more for south India power plants that procure mostly low
grade coal which is priced at Rs. 700 – Rs. 800 per ton from Mahanadi Coalfields.
Coal India operates in narrow moat situation whereas
its peers operates in wide moat, Coal India enjoys competitive advantage from
the fact that cost of replacing reserves in coming days will trend higher than
historical costs, and future mines are also likely to have higher mining costs
coupled with the need to dig deeper compared to very attractive mostly opencast
mining at present. The current estimated reserve life with respect to growth in
coal demand is short of the 20 years, and one can be confident that Coal India
will still generate excess returns. Also, the government intends to gradually
open the market to free pricing in the future years, it is unlikely the
generous mine acquisition terms from the government will continue longer-term.
Therefore, Coal India warrants a narrow economic moat versus wide, as new mines
will likely deliver less attractive returns on invested capital. Its proven from the
past on COAL’s ability, that it passes on the impact of escalation in cost
associated with hike in wages of non-executive employees and it is believed
that 6 % price hike in power segment and higher scale of 10 % + increase in
volumes would off-set the impact well. With smart rail logistics management, improved
turnaround time aided by addition of sidings and the gradual addition of rakes
by railways helped Coal India’s volumes to grow by 10 % YoY in Apr-Jan’16. The growth
trajectory would be sustained in the range of 9 % + for next couple of years on
the back of lower congestion and improved availability of rakes. The trajectory
would ascend to 10 %, driven by commissioning of Eastern DFC, 3rd line between
Howrah-Wardha and Talcher-Cuttack, Jharsuguda-Barpali Rail link,
Bhupdeopur-Korba rail link and the high loading capacity wagons sourced by Coal
India. Total off-take for the quarter grew by 13.5 %
YoY to 138 million tonnes. Fule Supply Agreement (FSA) volumes were largely
flat at 117 mn tons which are 85 % of sales and E-auction sales were up 171 %
YoY to 15 mn. E-auction sales were abnormally low last year at 6 mn tonnes due
to shift of E-auction volumes to FSA due to recommendations from the Ministry
of Coal to fulfill the requirements of power sector first at regulated price and
consider them as priority over E-auction. Now, with overall demand being low, E-auction
volume has again inched up to 15 mn tonnes level. FSA realisations decreased 1.6 % YoY to Rs. 1277 per ton due to change in
grade mix. E-auction realization declined 40.4 % YoY but was up 4.5 % QoQ. Coal
India may find it difficult to increase the price of e-auction coal as it is available
from overseas at competitive prices. Also, acceptability of higher grade coal
of Coal India is low because of its high price vis-à-vis market price. Coal
India’s EBITDA margins increased by 1.27 % to 29.6 % and
EBITDA grew by 10.0 % to Rs. 6,200 Cr led by cost control. Employee cost and
Raw material cost as a % of sales declined 3.39 % YoY and 1.30 % YoY to 37.5 %
and 6.2 % respectively. Its Contractual costs increased 2.64 % to 15.1 % of
sales. Coal India Ltd currently requires 234 rakes per day whereas it is getting 220 rakes
per day. Out of the 3 critical railway lines, Chattisgarh and Orissa railway
lines are likely to come up by June 2016 and June 2017 respectively whereas
Tori-Shivpur line will be ready by 2018. GoI's target of 910 mn tonne coal
production from Coal India by 2020 is achievable only if required infrastructure
for evacuation is set up. Coal India, in coordination with the Central &
State governments, is successfully resolving key issues in coal production
which can be seen from the growth of 6.9 % & 9.0 % in coal production in
FY15 & YTD respectively a average. 1.8 % CAGR between FY11-14. While these
measures will result in top line growth, Coal India Ltd must keep its cost in check to
maintain profitability. It is expected that in FY17 Coal production could be of
577 million tonnes which would be a CAGR growth of 8 % from FY15 to FY17E &
Offtake could be 598 mn tonnes a growth CAGR of 10.7 %during the same period.
It is expected that the topline & bottomline of Coal India could grow at a
CAGR of 7.8 % & 9.9 % between FY15-17E. And driven by the attractive valuation
of 7 times the EV/EBITDA the stock looks strong with rich dividend yield. At the current market price of Rs. 311.00, the stock is trading at a PE of 13.77 x FY16E and 11.85 x FY17E respectively. The company can post Earnings per share (EPS) of Rs. 22.58 in FY16E and Rs. 26.23 in FY17E. It is expected that the company’s surplus scenario is likely to continue for the next three years keeping its growth story in the coming quarters also.
KEY FINANCIALS | FY14 | FY15 | FY16E | FY17E |
---|---|---|---|---|
SALES (₹ Crs) | 70,607.50 | 74,120.10 | 77,053.80 | 86,064.20 |
NET PROFIT (₹ Cr) | 15,099.00 | 13,720.40 | 14,260.80 | 16,570.20 |
EPS (₹) | 23.90 | 21.72 | 22.58 | 26.23 |
PE (x) | 12.04 | 16.68 | 13.82 | 11.89 |
P/BV (x) | 4.29 | 5.67 | 5.18 | 5.29 |
EV/EBITDA (x) | 5.20 | 7.37 | 6.22 | 5.22 |
ROE (%) | 33.23 | 33.16 | 36.39 | 44.03 |
ROCE (%) | 32.81 | 32.95 | 36.29 | 44.13 |
*As the author of this blog I disclose that I do not hold COAL INDIA Ltd in my any of the portfolios.
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